📋 MOCK TEST – SET 10
WBSSC Group C (Clerk) Written Exam Preparation
Total: 60 Questions | GA: 20 | English: 10 | Reasoning: 10 | Arithmetic: 20 | Click any option to see answer & explanation
SECTION A: GENERAL AWARENESS (Q.1–Q.20) — 20 Marks
Q.1. NEP 2020 proposes a National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE). Who oversees its development? NEP 2020
Answer: (2) NCERT
NEP 2020 mandates that NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) will develop the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE). NCF-SE 2023 was released in August 2023 — the first in 17 years (previous NCF was 2005). It covers all 4 stages: Foundational, Preparatory, Middle and Secondary. NCERT also develops textbooks. CBSE is an examination board; UGC and AICTE regulate higher education.
NEP 2020 mandates that NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) will develop the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE). NCF-SE 2023 was released in August 2023 — the first in 17 years (previous NCF was 2005). It covers all 4 stages: Foundational, Preparatory, Middle and Secondary. NCERT also develops textbooks. CBSE is an examination board; UGC and AICTE regulate higher education.
Q.2. Under NEP 2020, the ‘Three Language Formula’ recommends that all students learn: NEP 2020
Answer: (3) At least two languages native to India
NEP 2020 continues and strengthens the Three Language Formula. It states at least two of the three languages must be native to India. No language will be imposed — states and students have flexibility. Hindi-speaking states must offer a modern Indian language from South India. The policy aims to promote multilingualism and preserve India’s linguistic diversity. Sanskrit is recommended as an option at all levels.
NEP 2020 continues and strengthens the Three Language Formula. It states at least two of the three languages must be native to India. No language will be imposed — states and students have flexibility. Hindi-speaking states must offer a modern Indian language from South India. The policy aims to promote multilingualism and preserve India’s linguistic diversity. Sanskrit is recommended as an option at all levels.
Q.3. NEP 2020 aims that by 2030, there should be at least one large multidisciplinary HEI within a radius of: NEP 2020
Answer: (3) 50 km
NEP 2020 recommends that by 2030, at least one large multidisciplinary Higher Education Institution (HEI) should be available within a radius of 50 km of every student’s home. This is part of expanding access to quality higher education. The policy also proposes converting existing single-stream colleges into multidisciplinary institutions. By 2040, all HEIs should become multidisciplinary with 3,000+ students each.
NEP 2020 recommends that by 2030, at least one large multidisciplinary Higher Education Institution (HEI) should be available within a radius of 50 km of every student’s home. This is part of expanding access to quality higher education. The policy also proposes converting existing single-stream colleges into multidisciplinary institutions. By 2040, all HEIs should become multidisciplinary with 3,000+ students each.
Q.4. The National Education Policy 2020 replaced which earlier policy? NEP 2020
Answer: (3) NEP 1986 (modified 1992)
NEP 2020 replaced the National Policy on Education 1986, which was modified in 1992. India has had three education policies: NPE 1968 (under Indira Gandhi, based on Kothari Commission 1964–66), NPE 1986 (under Rajiv Gandhi, modified 1992 under P.V. Narasimha Rao), and NEP 2020 (under Narendra Modi, drafted by K. Kasturirangan Committee). NEP 2020 was approved by the Union Cabinet on 29 July 2020.
NEP 2020 replaced the National Policy on Education 1986, which was modified in 1992. India has had three education policies: NPE 1968 (under Indira Gandhi, based on Kothari Commission 1964–66), NPE 1986 (under Rajiv Gandhi, modified 1992 under P.V. Narasimha Rao), and NEP 2020 (under Narendra Modi, drafted by K. Kasturirangan Committee). NEP 2020 was approved by the Union Cabinet on 29 July 2020.
Q.5. India’s first indigenously developed COVID-19 vaccine approved for emergency use was: Current Affairs
Answer: (2) Covaxin
Covaxin is India’s first indigenously developed COVID-19 vaccine, developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with ICMR and NIV. It received DCGI emergency use authorization on 3 January 2021. Covishield (AstraZeneca vaccine manufactured by Serum Institute of India) was also approved on the same day but is not indigenous — it is a licensed product. ZyCoV-D (Zydus Cadila) was India’s first DNA-based COVID vaccine, approved in August 2021.
Covaxin is India’s first indigenously developed COVID-19 vaccine, developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with ICMR and NIV. It received DCGI emergency use authorization on 3 January 2021. Covishield (AstraZeneca vaccine manufactured by Serum Institute of India) was also approved on the same day but is not indigenous — it is a licensed product. ZyCoV-D (Zydus Cadila) was India’s first DNA-based COVID vaccine, approved in August 2021.
Q.6. The headquarters of BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) is located in: Current Affairs / GK
Answer: (2) Shanghai, China
The New Development Bank (NDB), also called the BRICS Development Bank, is headquartered in Shanghai, China. It was established in 2015 by BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). India’s K.V. Kamath was its first President. The bank funds infrastructure and sustainable development projects. New members like Bangladesh, Egypt, UAE, and Uruguay have joined recently. India is the 2nd largest shareholder.
The New Development Bank (NDB), also called the BRICS Development Bank, is headquartered in Shanghai, China. It was established in 2015 by BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). India’s K.V. Kamath was its first President. The bank funds infrastructure and sustainable development projects. New members like Bangladesh, Egypt, UAE, and Uruguay have joined recently. India is the 2nd largest shareholder.
Q.7. Operation Sindoor (2025) was conducted by India against: Current Affairs
Answer: (2) Pakistan — terrorist infrastructure
Operation Sindoor was a precision military strike conducted by India’s armed forces in May 2025 against terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), following the deadly Pahalgam terrorist attack in which 26 civilians (mostly tourists) were killed on 22 April 2025. India struck 9 terrorist camps with missiles and drones. It was one of India’s most significant cross-border military operations since the 1971 war.
Operation Sindoor was a precision military strike conducted by India’s armed forces in May 2025 against terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), following the deadly Pahalgam terrorist attack in which 26 civilians (mostly tourists) were killed on 22 April 2025. India struck 9 terrorist camps with missiles and drones. It was one of India’s most significant cross-border military operations since the 1971 war.
Q.8. Who is the current Chief Minister of West Bengal (as of 2025–26)? West Bengal GK / Current Affairs
Answer: (3) Mamata Banerjee
Mamata Banerjee (Trinamool Congress) is the Chief Minister of West Bengal. She first became CM in 2011, ending 34 years of Left Front rule. She was re-elected in 2016 and 2021. She is the founder of the All India Trinamool Congress (AITC/TMC) party. She is also called ‘Didi’ (elder sister) by supporters. The Governor of West Bengal is Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose. West Bengal’s capital is Kolkata.
Mamata Banerjee (Trinamool Congress) is the Chief Minister of West Bengal. She first became CM in 2011, ending 34 years of Left Front rule. She was re-elected in 2016 and 2021. She is the founder of the All India Trinamool Congress (AITC/TMC) party. She is also called ‘Didi’ (elder sister) by supporters. The Governor of West Bengal is Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose. West Bengal’s capital is Kolkata.
Q.9. The Polavaram Project, a major irrigation project, is located in: GK / Current Affairs
Answer: (2) Andhra Pradesh
The Polavaram Project is a multipurpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh. It is a National Project and one of India’s largest ongoing irrigation projects. It aims to irrigate 2.91 lakh hectares and provide drinking water to 540 villages across Krishna, West Godavari, and Visakhapatnam districts. It was accorded national project status in 2014, enabling 100% central funding.
The Polavaram Project is a multipurpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh. It is a National Project and one of India’s largest ongoing irrigation projects. It aims to irrigate 2.91 lakh hectares and provide drinking water to 540 villages across Krishna, West Godavari, and Visakhapatnam districts. It was accorded national project status in 2014, enabling 100% central funding.
Q.10. PM POSHAN (formerly Mid-Day Meal Scheme) provides nutritious meals to school children up to: Current Affairs / GK
Answer: (2) Class 8 (elementary level)
PM POSHAN Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN) is the renamed version of the Mid-Day Meal Scheme (renamed in 2021). It provides free nutritious cooked meals to students of Classes 1–8 (elementary level) in government and government-aided schools. It covers over 11.8 crore children across ~11.8 lakh schools. Started in 1995, it is one of the world’s largest school meal programmes. It is aligned with NEP 2020’s goal of improving school attendance and nutrition.
PM POSHAN Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN) is the renamed version of the Mid-Day Meal Scheme (renamed in 2021). It provides free nutritious cooked meals to students of Classes 1–8 (elementary level) in government and government-aided schools. It covers over 11.8 crore children across ~11.8 lakh schools. Started in 1995, it is one of the world’s largest school meal programmes. It is aligned with NEP 2020’s goal of improving school attendance and nutrition.
Q.11. The Right to Information (RTI) Act was enacted in: Indian Polity / GK
Answer: (2) 2005
The Right to Information (RTI) Act was enacted in 2005 and came into force on 12 October 2005. It empowers citizens to request information from public authorities within 30 days. It applies to all public authorities under the Government of India and State Governments. The Central Information Commission (CIC) oversees RTI at the central level. India’s RTI Act is considered one of the strongest transparency laws in the world.
The Right to Information (RTI) Act was enacted in 2005 and came into force on 12 October 2005. It empowers citizens to request information from public authorities within 30 days. It applies to all public authorities under the Government of India and State Governments. The Central Information Commission (CIC) oversees RTI at the central level. India’s RTI Act is considered one of the strongest transparency laws in the world.
Q.12. ‘Mission Shakti’ — India’s anti-satellite test (A-SAT) — was conducted in: Current Affairs / Science
Answer: (2) 2019
India conducted Mission Shakti on 27 March 2019, successfully shooting down a low-orbit satellite (Microsat-R) using a ground-based interceptor missile. India became the 4th country in the world (after USA, Russia, China) to demonstrate this capability. PM Modi announced it in a live address to the nation. The test was conducted by DRDO. This capability is part of India’s space security strategy.
India conducted Mission Shakti on 27 March 2019, successfully shooting down a low-orbit satellite (Microsat-R) using a ground-based interceptor missile. India became the 4th country in the world (after USA, Russia, China) to demonstrate this capability. PM Modi announced it in a live address to the nation. The test was conducted by DRDO. This capability is part of India’s space security strategy.
Q.13. The Chipko Movement (hugging trees to prevent felling) was started in: Indian History / Environment
Answer: (3) 1973
The Chipko Movement began in 1973 in Mandal village, Chamoli district, Uttarakhand (then UP). Women hugged trees to prevent commercial logging. Key leaders: Sunderlal Bahuguna, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Gaura Devi. “Chipko” means “to hug/cling.” It influenced India’s Forest Conservation Act 1980. Bahuguna’s famous slogan: “Ecology is the permanent economy.” It inspired similar movements worldwide.
The Chipko Movement began in 1973 in Mandal village, Chamoli district, Uttarakhand (then UP). Women hugged trees to prevent commercial logging. Key leaders: Sunderlal Bahuguna, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Gaura Devi. “Chipko” means “to hug/cling.” It influenced India’s Forest Conservation Act 1980. Bahuguna’s famous slogan: “Ecology is the permanent economy.” It inspired similar movements worldwide.
Q.14. Which constitutional amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years in India? Indian Polity
Answer: (3) 61st Amendment
The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 (effective 1989) lowered the voting age from 21 years to 18 years by amending Article 326. This enfranchised crores of young voters. Other key amendments: 42nd (1976) = “Mini Constitution”; 44th (1978) = restored freedoms after Emergency; 52nd (1985) = Anti-defection law (10th Schedule); 73rd/74th (1992) = Panchayati Raj/Municipalities.
The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 (effective 1989) lowered the voting age from 21 years to 18 years by amending Article 326. This enfranchised crores of young voters. Other key amendments: 42nd (1976) = “Mini Constitution”; 44th (1978) = restored freedoms after Emergency; 52nd (1985) = Anti-defection law (10th Schedule); 73rd/74th (1992) = Panchayati Raj/Municipalities.
Q.15. Which Indian river is called the ‘Sorrow of Bihar’? Indian Geography
Answer: (1) Kosi River
The Kosi River is called the ‘Sorrow of Bihar’ due to its frequent and devastating floods caused by its habit of shifting course. It originates in Nepal (Seven Koshi tributaries) and joins the Ganga in Bihar. Other river nicknames: Damodar = Sorrow of Bengal/Damodar Valley; Mahanadi = Sorrow of Odisha; Brahmaputra = Sorrow of Assam; Yellow River (Huang He, China) = Sorrow of China.
The Kosi River is called the ‘Sorrow of Bihar’ due to its frequent and devastating floods caused by its habit of shifting course. It originates in Nepal (Seven Koshi tributaries) and joins the Ganga in Bihar. Other river nicknames: Damodar = Sorrow of Bengal/Damodar Valley; Mahanadi = Sorrow of Odisha; Brahmaputra = Sorrow of Assam; Yellow River (Huang He, China) = Sorrow of China.
Q.16. India’s National Anthem ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was first sung on: Indian History / GK
Answer: (3) 27 December 1911
‘Jana Gana Mana’ was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. Composed by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali, it was adopted as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950 (two days before Republic Day). Duration: 52 seconds (full version). It has 5 stanzas; only the first is the official anthem. National Song: ‘Vande Mataram’ by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (equal status).
‘Jana Gana Mana’ was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. Composed by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali, it was adopted as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950 (two days before Republic Day). Duration: 52 seconds (full version). It has 5 stanzas; only the first is the official anthem. National Song: ‘Vande Mataram’ by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (equal status).
Q.17. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was launched in: Current Affairs / GK
Answer: (2) 2014
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was launched by PM Narendra Modi on 28 August 2014 — on his first Independence Day as PM. It is a financial inclusion scheme providing universal access to banking services. Key features: zero-balance savings account, RuPay debit card, ₹1 lakh accident insurance cover, ₹30,000 life insurance, overdraft facility of ₹10,000. It entered the Guinness World Records for most bank accounts opened in a week.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was launched by PM Narendra Modi on 28 August 2014 — on his first Independence Day as PM. It is a financial inclusion scheme providing universal access to banking services. Key features: zero-balance savings account, RuPay debit card, ₹1 lakh accident insurance cover, ₹30,000 life insurance, overdraft facility of ₹10,000. It entered the Guinness World Records for most bank accounts opened in a week.
Q.18. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution describes India as: Indian Polity
Answer: (4) Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
The Preamble declares India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic. “Socialist” and “Secular” were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976). Preamble also secures to citizens: Justice (social, economic, political), Liberty (thought, expression, belief, faith, worship), Equality (status and opportunity), Fraternity (dignity and unity). The Preamble is part of the Constitution (as held in Kesavananda Bharati case, 1973).
The Preamble declares India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic. “Socialist” and “Secular” were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976). Preamble also secures to citizens: Justice (social, economic, political), Liberty (thought, expression, belief, faith, worship), Equality (status and opportunity), Fraternity (dignity and unity). The Preamble is part of the Constitution (as held in Kesavananda Bharati case, 1973).
Q.19. ‘One Nation One Ration Card’ scheme allows migrant workers to avail food rations: Current Affairs / GK
Answer: (2) From any Fair Price Shop across India
One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) allows beneficiaries under NFSA (National Food Security Act) to access their entitled food grains from any Fair Price Shop (FPS) anywhere in India using their existing ration card and Aadhaar. It was implemented across all states/UTs. This especially helps migrant labourers who move to other states for work. The scheme is operated through Integrated Management of Public Distribution System (IM-PDS).
One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) allows beneficiaries under NFSA (National Food Security Act) to access their entitled food grains from any Fair Price Shop (FPS) anywhere in India using their existing ration card and Aadhaar. It was implemented across all states/UTs. This especially helps migrant labourers who move to other states for work. The scheme is operated through Integrated Management of Public Distribution System (IM-PDS).
Q.20. NEP 2020 emphasizes ‘Experiential Learning’. What does this mean? NEP 2020
Answer: (3) Learning through hands-on activities, projects, fieldwork and real-life application
NEP 2020 strongly promotes Experiential Learning — moving away from rote memorization towards learning by doing. It includes project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, arts-integrated learning, sports-integrated learning, and story-based learning. NEP calls for reducing the curriculum load by 50% and focusing on core concepts with real-world application. Board exams will test higher-order thinking, not just memory. This is a fundamental shift in Indian pedagogy.
NEP 2020 strongly promotes Experiential Learning — moving away from rote memorization towards learning by doing. It includes project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, arts-integrated learning, sports-integrated learning, and story-based learning. NEP calls for reducing the curriculum load by 50% and focusing on core concepts with real-world application. Board exams will test higher-order thinking, not just memory. This is a fundamental shift in Indian pedagogy.
SECTION B: GENERAL ENGLISH (Q.21–Q.30) — 10 Marks
Q.21. Choose the correct synonym of ‘TENACIOUS’:
Answer: (2) Persistent / Determined
Tenacious means holding firmly to something; not giving up easily; very persistent. Synonyms: Persistent, Determined, Stubborn, Resolute, Dogged, Firm, Steadfast. Antonyms: Weak, Yielding, Irresolute. Example: “A tenacious athlete never quits even when trailing.” Noun: Tenacity. From Latin tenax = holding fast. Common in WBSSC vocabulary questions.
Tenacious means holding firmly to something; not giving up easily; very persistent. Synonyms: Persistent, Determined, Stubborn, Resolute, Dogged, Firm, Steadfast. Antonyms: Weak, Yielding, Irresolute. Example: “A tenacious athlete never quits even when trailing.” Noun: Tenacity. From Latin tenax = holding fast. Common in WBSSC vocabulary questions.
Q.22. Choose the correct antonym of ‘FRUGAL’:
Answer: (3) Extravagant / Wasteful
Frugal means sparing or economical with money/food; avoiding waste. Antonyms: Extravagant, Wasteful, Lavish, Prodigal, Spendthrift. Synonyms: Thrifty, Economical, Sparing, Prudent. Example: “A frugal person saves every rupee; an extravagant person spends recklessly.” Related noun: Frugality. Common mix-up: Frugal vs Miserly — frugal implies wise economy, miserly implies excessive stinginess.
Frugal means sparing or economical with money/food; avoiding waste. Antonyms: Extravagant, Wasteful, Lavish, Prodigal, Spendthrift. Synonyms: Thrifty, Economical, Sparing, Prudent. Example: “A frugal person saves every rupee; an extravagant person spends recklessly.” Related noun: Frugality. Common mix-up: Frugal vs Miserly — frugal implies wise economy, miserly implies excessive stinginess.
Q.23. Identify the correctly spelled word:
Answer: (4) Entrepreneur
Correct spelling: Entrepreneur (French origin). Breakdown: entre-pre-neur. Common errors: adding extra ‘r’, swapping ‘e’ and ‘u’, or missing letters. Remember the sequence: E-N-T-R-E-P-R-E-N-E-U-R. NEP 2020 itself emphasizes entrepreneurship skills from school level. Other tricky spellings: Bureaucracy, Miscellaneous, Occurrence, Conscientious, Supersede.
Correct spelling: Entrepreneur (French origin). Breakdown: entre-pre-neur. Common errors: adding extra ‘r’, swapping ‘e’ and ‘u’, or missing letters. Remember the sequence: E-N-T-R-E-P-R-E-N-E-U-R. NEP 2020 itself emphasizes entrepreneurship skills from school level. Other tricky spellings: Bureaucracy, Miscellaneous, Occurrence, Conscientious, Supersede.
Q.24. Fill in the blank: He is addicted ________ playing video games.
Answer: (3) to
The correct phrase is “addicted to”. “To” is a preposition here (not infinitive ‘to’), so it is followed by a noun or gerund (V+ing): “addicted to playing.” Similarly: Accustomed to, Devoted to, Used to, Prone to, Addicted to. All take gerund/noun after ‘to’. Example: “She is devoted to helping others.” This is a commonly tested preposition + adjective combination.
The correct phrase is “addicted to”. “To” is a preposition here (not infinitive ‘to’), so it is followed by a noun or gerund (V+ing): “addicted to playing.” Similarly: Accustomed to, Devoted to, Used to, Prone to, Addicted to. All take gerund/noun after ‘to’. Example: “She is devoted to helping others.” This is a commonly tested preposition + adjective combination.
Q.25. The plural of ‘Criterion’ is:
Answer: (2) Criteria
Criterion → Criteria (Greek origin; -on → -a). Important: “Criteria” is already plural — do NOT say “criterias.” Similarly: Phenomenon→Phenomena; Datum→Data; Stratum→Strata; Medium→Media; Memorandum→Memoranda; Curriculum→Curricula; Bacterium→Bacteria. Common error in official documents: “The criterias are…” — always wrong. Correct: “The criteria are…” (takes plural verb).
Criterion → Criteria (Greek origin; -on → -a). Important: “Criteria” is already plural — do NOT say “criterias.” Similarly: Phenomenon→Phenomena; Datum→Data; Stratum→Strata; Medium→Media; Memorandum→Memoranda; Curriculum→Curricula; Bacterium→Bacteria. Common error in official documents: “The criterias are…” — always wrong. Correct: “The criteria are…” (takes plural verb).
Q.26. Identify the meaning of the idiom: “Burn the midnight oil”
Answer: (3) To work or study late into the night
“Burn the midnight oil” means to work or study very late at night. Origin: Before electricity, people used oil lamps to work at night. Example: “Students burn the midnight oil before exams.” Similar idioms: “Burn the candle at both ends” (exhaust oneself by overworking), “Pull an all-nighter” (stay up all night working). For WBSSC exams, memorize 20–25 common English idioms.
“Burn the midnight oil” means to work or study very late at night. Origin: Before electricity, people used oil lamps to work at night. Example: “Students burn the midnight oil before exams.” Similar idioms: “Burn the candle at both ends” (exhaust oneself by overworking), “Pull an all-nighter” (stay up all night working). For WBSSC exams, memorize 20–25 common English idioms.
Q.27. Choose the grammatically correct sentence:
Answer: (2) Neither of the boys is present.
Rule: “Neither of” + plural noun → singular verb. “Neither of the boys is present.” ✓ Similarly: “Either of them is right.” “None of the students was absent” (formal). Common error: Using plural verb ‘are’ after ‘neither of the boys’ because ‘boys’ is plural. But the subject is ‘neither’ (singular) — always takes singular verb. Same rule applies to “either of.”
Rule: “Neither of” + plural noun → singular verb. “Neither of the boys is present.” ✓ Similarly: “Either of them is right.” “None of the students was absent” (formal). Common error: Using plural verb ‘are’ after ‘neither of the boys’ because ‘boys’ is plural. But the subject is ‘neither’ (singular) — always takes singular verb. Same rule applies to “either of.”
Q.28. Convert to Indirect Speech: Ram said to me, “Have you finished your homework?”
Answer: (3) Ram asked me if I had finished my homework.
Rules for Yes/No questions in Indirect Speech: (1) Reporting verb: “said to” → “asked”; (2) Conjunction: use “if” or “whether” (not “that”); (3) Tense shift: “have finished” (Present Perfect) → “had finished” (Past Perfect); (4) Pronoun: “you” → “I” (referring to the listener who is now the subject); (5) Word order: normal (subject + verb), NOT inverted. “whether had I” is wrong — no inversion in indirect speech.
Rules for Yes/No questions in Indirect Speech: (1) Reporting verb: “said to” → “asked”; (2) Conjunction: use “if” or “whether” (not “that”); (3) Tense shift: “have finished” (Present Perfect) → “had finished” (Past Perfect); (4) Pronoun: “you” → “I” (referring to the listener who is now the subject); (5) Word order: normal (subject + verb), NOT inverted. “whether had I” is wrong — no inversion in indirect speech.
Q.29. One word substitution: A place where bees are kept is called:
Answer: Apiary
A place where bees are kept = Apiary. Important ‘place’ vocabulary: Birds = Aviary; Fish = Aquarium; Horses = Stable; Cows = Cowshed/Byre; Lions = Den; Bees = Apiary; Pigs = Sty; Rabbits = Warren; Deer = Herd/Park; Soldiers = Barracks; Monks = Monastery; Nuns = Convent; Dead bodies = Mortuary/Morgue; Aircraft = Hangar; Books = Library/Stacks.
A place where bees are kept = Apiary. Important ‘place’ vocabulary: Birds = Aviary; Fish = Aquarium; Horses = Stable; Cows = Cowshed/Byre; Lions = Den; Bees = Apiary; Pigs = Sty; Rabbits = Warren; Deer = Herd/Park; Soldiers = Barracks; Monks = Monastery; Nuns = Convent; Dead bodies = Mortuary/Morgue; Aircraft = Hangar; Books = Library/Stacks.
Q.30. Spot the error: “Despite of (A) / his hard work, (B) / he could not (C) / pass the exam. (D)”
Answer: (1) A — “Despite of” is incorrect
“Despite” is a preposition used alone — it does NOT take “of.” Correct: “Despite his hard work, he could not pass.” Wrong: “Despite of his hard work…” Compare: “In spite of” = correct (takes ‘of’); “Despite” = correct (no ‘of’). They are interchangeable in meaning. “Despite of” is always wrong — a very common error in competitive exams. Correct sentence: “Despite his hard work, he could not pass the exam.”
“Despite” is a preposition used alone — it does NOT take “of.” Correct: “Despite his hard work, he could not pass.” Wrong: “Despite of his hard work…” Compare: “In spite of” = correct (takes ‘of’); “Despite” = correct (no ‘of’). They are interchangeable in meaning. “Despite of” is always wrong — a very common error in competitive exams. Correct sentence: “Despite his hard work, he could not pass the exam.”
SECTION C: LOGICAL REASONING (Q.31–Q.40) — 10 Marks
Q.31. Find the odd one out: Violin, Guitar, Flute, Sitar
Answer: (3) Flute
Violin, Guitar, and Sitar are all string instruments (chordophones). Flute is a wind instrument (aerophone) — sound is produced by blowing air. Classification of instruments: String = Violin, Guitar, Sitar, Veena, Sarod, Tabla (skin); Wind = Flute, Shehnai, Saxophone, Trumpet; Percussion = Tabla, Mridangam, Dholak. The odd one out is Flute as it is the only wind instrument.
Violin, Guitar, and Sitar are all string instruments (chordophones). Flute is a wind instrument (aerophone) — sound is produced by blowing air. Classification of instruments: String = Violin, Guitar, Sitar, Veena, Sarod, Tabla (skin); Wind = Flute, Shehnai, Saxophone, Trumpet; Percussion = Tabla, Mridangam, Dholak. The odd one out is Flute as it is the only wind instrument.
Q.32. Complete the series: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ___
Answer: (3) 42
Differences: 6−2=4, 12−6=6, 20−12=8, 30−20=10, next difference=12. So 30+12=42. Pattern: differences increase by 2 each time (4,6,8,10,12…). Also: n(n+1) formula: 1×2=2, 2×3=6, 3×4=12, 4×5=20, 5×6=30, 6×7=42. These are called pronic numbers (product of two consecutive integers). Recognizing this pattern quickly is key.
Differences: 6−2=4, 12−6=6, 20−12=8, 30−20=10, next difference=12. So 30+12=42. Pattern: differences increase by 2 each time (4,6,8,10,12…). Also: n(n+1) formula: 1×2=2, 2×3=6, 3×4=12, 4×5=20, 5×6=30, 6×7=42. These are called pronic numbers (product of two consecutive integers). Recognizing this pattern quickly is key.
Q.33. If ORANGE = 60, APPLE = 50, then MANGO = ?
Answer: (2) 50
Pattern: Number of letters × 10. ORANGE = 6 letters × 10 = 60 ✓. APPLE = 5 letters × 10 = 50 ✓. MANGO = 5 letters × 10 = 50. This is a simple letter-count coding. Always check the simplest pattern first in coding questions. Verify: MANGO has M-A-N-G-O = 5 letters → 5×10 = 50 ✓.
Pattern: Number of letters × 10. ORANGE = 6 letters × 10 = 60 ✓. APPLE = 5 letters × 10 = 50 ✓. MANGO = 5 letters × 10 = 50. This is a simple letter-count coding. Always check the simplest pattern first in coding questions. Verify: MANGO has M-A-N-G-O = 5 letters → 5×10 = 50 ✓.
Q.34. Complete the series: AZ, BY, CX, DW, ___
Answer: EV
Pattern: First letter goes forward (A,B,C,D,E); Second letter goes backward (Z,Y,X,W,V). So next pair = EV. This is a classic paired-letter series where one letter ascends and the other descends simultaneously. The pairs are: A+Z=27, B+Y=27, C+X=27… all pairs add up to 27 (in alphabet positions 1+26=27). Next: E(5)+V(22)=27 ✓.
Pattern: First letter goes forward (A,B,C,D,E); Second letter goes backward (Z,Y,X,W,V). So next pair = EV. This is a classic paired-letter series where one letter ascends and the other descends simultaneously. The pairs are: A+Z=27, B+Y=27, C+X=27… all pairs add up to 27 (in alphabet positions 1+26=27). Next: E(5)+V(22)=27 ✓.
Q.35. Pointing to a photograph, Ravi says, “She is the daughter of my grandfather’s only son.” How is Ravi related to the girl in the photograph?
Answer: (3) Brother
My grandfather’s only son = Ravi’s father (assuming Ravi is male and his grandfather had only one son). The girl is the daughter of Ravi’s father → she is Ravi’s sister. So Ravi is her brother. Chain: Grandfather → only son = Ravi’s father → daughter = Ravi’s sister. Ravi = brother of the girl in the photo.
My grandfather’s only son = Ravi’s father (assuming Ravi is male and his grandfather had only one son). The girl is the daughter of Ravi’s father → she is Ravi’s sister. So Ravi is her brother. Chain: Grandfather → only son = Ravi’s father → daughter = Ravi’s sister. Ravi = brother of the girl in the photo.
Q.36. In a row of 40 students, Riya is 15th from the left. What is her position from the right?
Answer: (3) 26
Position from right = Total − Position from left + 1 = 40 − 15 + 1 = 26. Formula: Position from right = (Total + 1) − Position from left. Verification: 15 from left + 26 from right = 41 = 40+1 ✓. This formula works for all “position in a row” problems.
Position from right = Total − Position from left + 1 = 40 − 15 + 1 = 26. Formula: Position from right = (Total + 1) − Position from left. Verification: 15 from left + 26 from right = 41 = 40+1 ✓. This formula works for all “position in a row” problems.
Q.37. A man walks 5 km South, turns left and walks 4 km East, turns left again and walks 5 km North. How far and in which direction is he from the start?
Answer: (3) 4 km East
Start at O. Go 5 km South → A. Turn left (facing East) → go 4 km East → B. Turn left (facing North) → go 5 km North → C. North 5km cancels South 5km. Net horizontal displacement: 4 km East. Final position C is 4 km East of start O. Visual: O and C are at the same latitude, C is 4 km due East of O.
Start at O. Go 5 km South → A. Turn left (facing East) → go 4 km East → B. Turn left (facing North) → go 5 km North → C. North 5km cancels South 5km. Net horizontal displacement: 4 km East. Final position C is 4 km East of start O. Visual: O and C are at the same latitude, C is 4 km due East of O.
Q.38. If the day before yesterday was Thursday, what day will be the day after tomorrow?
Answer: Monday
Day before yesterday = Thursday. Yesterday = Friday. Today = Saturday. Tomorrow = Sunday. Day after tomorrow = Monday. Step-by-step: Thursday+1=Friday+1=Saturday(today)+1=Sunday+1=Monday. Always identify “Today” first, then count forward/backward.
Day before yesterday = Thursday. Yesterday = Friday. Today = Saturday. Tomorrow = Sunday. Day after tomorrow = Monday. Step-by-step: Thursday+1=Friday+1=Saturday(today)+1=Sunday+1=Monday. Always identify “Today” first, then count forward/backward.
Q.39. Book is to Author as Painting is to:
Answer: (3) Painter / Artist
Analogy: A Book is created by an Author. Similarly, a Painting is created by a Painter/Artist. Relationship: Creation → Creator. Other analogies: Poem→Poet; Sculpture→Sculptor; Song→Singer/Composer; Film→Director; Building→Architect; Statue→Sculptor.
Analogy: A Book is created by an Author. Similarly, a Painting is created by a Painter/Artist. Relationship: Creation → Creator. Other analogies: Poem→Poet; Sculpture→Sculptor; Song→Singer/Composer; Film→Director; Building→Architect; Statue→Sculptor.
Q.40. Statement: All cats are animals. All animals have eyes. Conclusion: All cats have eyes.
Answer: (3) True — follows logically
Logic: All cats → animals (cats ⊂ animals). All animals → have eyes (animals ⊂ things with eyes). Therefore: All cats → have eyes (transitive syllogism). This is a valid Universal Affirmative syllogism (AAA-1 mood, Barbara) — the most basic valid syllogistic form. When both premises are universal affirmatives and properly linked, the conclusion must follow. This directly follows from the two given statements.
Logic: All cats → animals (cats ⊂ animals). All animals → have eyes (animals ⊂ things with eyes). Therefore: All cats → have eyes (transitive syllogism). This is a valid Universal Affirmative syllogism (AAA-1 mood, Barbara) — the most basic valid syllogistic form. When both premises are universal affirmatives and properly linked, the conclusion must follow. This directly follows from the two given statements.
SECTION D: ARITHMETIC (Q.41–Q.60) — 20 Marks
Q.41. Find the HCF of 56, 84, and 112.
Answer: (3) 28
56=2³×7; 84=2²×3×7; 112=2⁴×7. HCF = lowest powers of common factors = 2²×7 = 4×7 = 28. Verify: 56÷28=2 ✓, 84÷28=3 ✓, 112÷28=4 ✓. HCF takes the LOWEST power of COMMON prime factors. (Opposite of LCM which takes highest powers of ALL factors.)
56=2³×7; 84=2²×3×7; 112=2⁴×7. HCF = lowest powers of common factors = 2²×7 = 4×7 = 28. Verify: 56÷28=2 ✓, 84÷28=3 ✓, 112÷28=4 ✓. HCF takes the LOWEST power of COMMON prime factors. (Opposite of LCM which takes highest powers of ALL factors.)
Q.42. Simplify: (25% of 200) + (30% of 300) − (20% of 150)
Answer: 110
25% of 200 = 50; 30% of 300 = 90; 20% of 150 = 30. Result = 50+90−30 = 110. Quick % calculation: For x% of N, multiply N by x/100. 25%=1/4: 200÷4=50; 30%=3/10: 300×3/10=90; 20%=1/5: 150÷5=30. Then: 50+90−30=110.
25% of 200 = 50; 30% of 300 = 90; 20% of 150 = 30. Result = 50+90−30 = 110. Quick % calculation: For x% of N, multiply N by x/100. 25%=1/4: 200÷4=50; 30%=3/10: 300×3/10=90; 20%=1/5: 150÷5=30. Then: 50+90−30=110.
Q.43. A and B together can finish a work in 12 days. A alone can do it in 20 days. How many days will B alone take?
Answer: (3) 30 days
A+B together = 1/12 per day. A alone = 1/20. B alone = 1/12 − 1/20 = 5/60 − 3/60 = 2/60 = 1/30 per day. B alone = 30 days. Formula: B = (A×AB)/(A−AB) where AB=combined days, A=A’s days. Or simply: B’s rate = combined rate − A’s rate.
A+B together = 1/12 per day. A alone = 1/20. B alone = 1/12 − 1/20 = 5/60 − 3/60 = 2/60 = 1/30 per day. B alone = 30 days. Formula: B = (A×AB)/(A−AB) where AB=combined days, A=A’s days. Or simply: B’s rate = combined rate − A’s rate.
Q.44. A train 300 m long crosses a telegraph pole in 15 seconds. Find the speed of the train in km/h.
Answer: (3) 72 km/h
When crossing a pole, distance = train length = 300 m. Time = 15 sec. Speed = 300÷15 = 20 m/s. Convert to km/h: 20 × 18/5 = 20×3.6 = 72 km/h. To convert m/s to km/h: multiply by 18/5 (or 3.6). To convert km/h to m/s: multiply by 5/18.
When crossing a pole, distance = train length = 300 m. Time = 15 sec. Speed = 300÷15 = 20 m/s. Convert to km/h: 20 × 18/5 = 20×3.6 = 72 km/h. To convert m/s to km/h: multiply by 18/5 (or 3.6). To convert km/h to m/s: multiply by 5/18.
Q.45. Three numbers are in ratio 2:3:5. Their sum is 200. Find the largest number.
Answer: (3) 100
Total parts = 2+3+5 = 10. Value of 1 part = 200÷10 = 20. Largest (5 parts) = 5×20 = 100. Numbers: 40, 60, 100. Verify: 40+60+100=200 ✓. Ratio: 40:60:100 = 2:3:5 ✓.
Total parts = 2+3+5 = 10. Value of 1 part = 200÷10 = 20. Largest (5 parts) = 5×20 = 100. Numbers: 40, 60, 100. Verify: 40+60+100=200 ✓. Ratio: 40:60:100 = 2:3:5 ✓.
Q.46. The average of 5 consecutive even numbers is 30. Find the largest number.
Answer: (3) 34
For consecutive even numbers, average = middle term. Let the middle (3rd) number = 30. Numbers: 26, 28, 30, 32, 34. Largest = 34. Verify: (26+28+30+32+34)÷5 = 150÷5 = 30 ✓. For any arithmetic progression, average = middle term (if odd count) = (first+last)/2.
For consecutive even numbers, average = middle term. Let the middle (3rd) number = 30. Numbers: 26, 28, 30, 32, 34. Largest = 34. Verify: (26+28+30+32+34)÷5 = 150÷5 = 30 ✓. For any arithmetic progression, average = middle term (if odd count) = (first+last)/2.
Q.47. A shopkeeper marks an article 40% above cost price and gives a 20% discount. Find the profit percentage.
Answer: (3) 12%
Let CP = 100. MP = 140 (40% above CP). SP = 140 × 0.80 = ₹112 (20% discount). Profit% = (112−100)/100 × 100 = 12%. Formula: Profit% = (1+m/100)(1−d/100)×100 − 100 = (1.4)(0.8)×100 − 100 = 112−100 = 12%. When mark-up and discount are given, use this formula directly.
Let CP = 100. MP = 140 (40% above CP). SP = 140 × 0.80 = ₹112 (20% discount). Profit% = (112−100)/100 × 100 = 12%. Formula: Profit% = (1+m/100)(1−d/100)×100 − 100 = (1.4)(0.8)×100 − 100 = 112−100 = 12%. When mark-up and discount are given, use this formula directly.
Q.48. Find the Simple Interest on ₹6000 at 8% per annum for 3 years.
Answer: (3) ₹1440
SI = (P×R×T)/100 = (6000×8×3)/100 = 144000/100 = ₹1440. Total Amount = P+SI = 6000+1440 = ₹7440. Quick method: 8% of 6000 = ₹480 per year × 3 years = ₹1440. Always: SI is calculated on original principal (not on growing amount — that’s CI).
SI = (P×R×T)/100 = (6000×8×3)/100 = 144000/100 = ₹1440. Total Amount = P+SI = 6000+1440 = ₹7440. Quick method: 8% of 6000 = ₹480 per year × 3 years = ₹1440. Always: SI is calculated on original principal (not on growing amount — that’s CI).
Q.49. If 40% of a number added to 60 equals 100, find the number.
Answer: (3) 100
Let the number = x. 40% of x + 60 = 100 → 0.4x = 40 → x = 40/0.4 = 100. Or: 40x/100 + 60 = 100 → 40x/100 = 40 → x = 40×100/40 = 100. Verify: 40% of 100 = 40; 40+60 = 100 ✓.
Let the number = x. 40% of x + 60 = 100 → 0.4x = 40 → x = 40/0.4 = 100. Or: 40x/100 + 60 = 100 → 40x/100 = 40 → x = 40×100/40 = 100. Verify: 40% of 100 = 40; 40+60 = 100 ✓.
Q.50. The volume of a cube is 216 cm³. Find its surface area.
Answer: (3) 216 cm²
Volume of cube = a³ = 216 → a = ∛216 = 6 cm. Surface area = 6a² = 6×6² = 6×36 = 216 cm². Key cube formulas: Volume = a³; Surface area = 6a²; Diagonal = a√3. Note: In this case, Volume and Surface area are numerically equal (both 216), but units differ (cm³ vs cm²).
Volume of cube = a³ = 216 → a = ∛216 = 6 cm. Surface area = 6a² = 6×6² = 6×36 = 216 cm². Key cube formulas: Volume = a³; Surface area = 6a²; Diagonal = a√3. Note: In this case, Volume and Surface area are numerically equal (both 216), but units differ (cm³ vs cm²).
Q.51. Find the value of: (0.8)³ + (0.2)³ + 3×0.8×0.2×(0.8+0.2)
Answer: (3) 1
This fits the identity: a³ + b³ + 3ab(a+b) = (a+b)³. Here a=0.8, b=0.2. a+b = 0.8+0.2 = 1. So expression = (0.8+0.2)³ = 1³ = 1. Always look for algebraic identities in simplification questions: (a+b)² = a²+2ab+b²; (a−b)² = a²−2ab+b²; (a+b)³ = a³+3a²b+3ab²+b³ = a³+b³+3ab(a+b).
This fits the identity: a³ + b³ + 3ab(a+b) = (a+b)³. Here a=0.8, b=0.2. a+b = 0.8+0.2 = 1. So expression = (0.8+0.2)³ = 1³ = 1. Always look for algebraic identities in simplification questions: (a+b)² = a²+2ab+b²; (a−b)² = a²−2ab+b²; (a+b)³ = a³+3a²b+3ab²+b³ = a³+b³+3ab(a+b).
Q.52. A sum becomes ₹8820 in 2 years at 5% per annum compound interest. Find the principal.
Answer: (3) ₹8000
A = P(1+r/100)ⁿ → 8820 = P×(1.05)² = P×1.1025 → P = 8820/1.1025 = ₹8000. Verify: 8000×1.05 = 8400 (after 1 year); 8400×1.05 = 8820 (after 2 years) ✓. Reverse CI: when Amount is given, divide by (1+r/100)ⁿ to find Principal.
A = P(1+r/100)ⁿ → 8820 = P×(1.05)² = P×1.1025 → P = 8820/1.1025 = ₹8000. Verify: 8000×1.05 = 8400 (after 1 year); 8400×1.05 = 8820 (after 2 years) ✓. Reverse CI: when Amount is given, divide by (1+r/100)ⁿ to find Principal.
Q.53. In what ratio should water be mixed with milk costing ₹15/litre to get a mixture worth ₹10/litre?
Answer: 1:2 (water:milk)
Using Alligation: Cost of water = ₹0, Cost of milk = ₹15, Mean price = ₹10. Ratio of water:milk = (15−10):(10−0) = 5:10 = 1:2. Alligation rule: Cheaper quantity : Costlier quantity = (Costlier price − Mean price) : (Mean price − Cheaper price). So mix 1 part water with 2 parts milk to get ₹10/litre mixture.
Using Alligation: Cost of water = ₹0, Cost of milk = ₹15, Mean price = ₹10. Ratio of water:milk = (15−10):(10−0) = 5:10 = 1:2. Alligation rule: Cheaper quantity : Costlier quantity = (Costlier price − Mean price) : (Mean price − Cheaper price). So mix 1 part water with 2 parts milk to get ₹10/litre mixture.
Q.54. A can complete a work in 18 days working 8 hours/day. How many days will he take working 12 hours/day?
Answer: (3) 12 days
Total work = 18×8 = 144 person-hours. At 12 hours/day: Days = 144÷12 = 12 days. Rule: Work (in person-hours) = Days × Hours per day = constant. More hours/day → fewer days required. Formula: D₁×H₁ = D₂×H₂ → 18×8 = D₂×12 → D₂ = 144/12 = 12 days.
Total work = 18×8 = 144 person-hours. At 12 hours/day: Days = 144÷12 = 12 days. Rule: Work (in person-hours) = Days × Hours per day = constant. More hours/day → fewer days required. Formula: D₁×H₁ = D₂×H₂ → 18×8 = D₂×12 → D₂ = 144/12 = 12 days.
Q.55. The marked price of an article is ₹2000. After two successive discounts of 15% and 10%, the selling price is:
Answer: (3) ₹1530
After 15% discount: 2000×0.85 = ₹1700. After 10% discount on ₹1700: 1700×0.90 = ₹1530. Combined discount = 1−(0.85×0.90) = 1−0.765 = 23.5%. SP = 2000×0.765 = ₹1530 ✓. Note: 15%+10% ≠ 25% combined. Always multiply the factors, not add the percentages.
After 15% discount: 2000×0.85 = ₹1700. After 10% discount on ₹1700: 1700×0.90 = ₹1530. Combined discount = 1−(0.85×0.90) = 1−0.765 = 23.5%. SP = 2000×0.765 = ₹1530 ✓. Note: 15%+10% ≠ 25% combined. Always multiply the factors, not add the percentages.
Q.56. If x + 1/x = 3, find the value of x² + 1/x².
Answer: (3) 7
Using identity: (x + 1/x)² = x² + 2 + 1/x². So x² + 1/x² = (x+1/x)² − 2 = 3² − 2 = 9−2 = 7. This is one of the most frequently tested algebraic identities in competitive exams. Key identities to remember: (a+b)²=a²+2ab+b²; (a−b)²=a²−2ab+b²; so a²+b² = (a+b)²−2ab.
Using identity: (x + 1/x)² = x² + 2 + 1/x². So x² + 1/x² = (x+1/x)² − 2 = 3² − 2 = 9−2 = 7. This is one of the most frequently tested algebraic identities in competitive exams. Key identities to remember: (a+b)²=a²+2ab+b²; (a−b)²=a²−2ab+b²; so a²+b² = (a+b)²−2ab.
Q.57. The speed of a boat in still water is 12 km/h and the speed of the stream is 4 km/h. Find the time to travel 64 km upstream.
Answer: (3) 8 hours
Upstream speed = Still water speed − Stream speed = 12−4 = 8 km/h. Time = Distance/Speed = 64/8 = 8 hours. Downstream speed = 12+4 = 16 km/h. Note: Upstream is slower (against current), Downstream is faster (with current). Time upstream = 64/8=8h; Time downstream = 64/16=4h.
Upstream speed = Still water speed − Stream speed = 12−4 = 8 km/h. Time = Distance/Speed = 64/8 = 8 hours. Downstream speed = 12+4 = 16 km/h. Note: Upstream is slower (against current), Downstream is faster (with current). Time upstream = 64/8=8h; Time downstream = 64/16=4h.
Q.58. Pipes A and B fill a tank in 10 and 15 hours. Pipe C empties it in 30 hours. If all opened simultaneously, in how many hours will the tank be full?
Answer: (3) 7.5 hours
Net rate = 1/10 + 1/15 − 1/30. LCM=30: 3/30+2/30−1/30 = 4/30 = 2/15 per hour. Time = 15/2 = 7.5 hours. Verify: In 7.5h: A fills 7.5/10=3/4; B fills 7.5/15=1/2; C empties 7.5/30=1/4. Net=3/4+1/2−1/4=3/4+2/4−1/4=4/4=1 ✓.
Net rate = 1/10 + 1/15 − 1/30. LCM=30: 3/30+2/30−1/30 = 4/30 = 2/15 per hour. Time = 15/2 = 7.5 hours. Verify: In 7.5h: A fills 7.5/10=3/4; B fills 7.5/15=1/2; C empties 7.5/30=1/4. Net=3/4+1/2−1/4=3/4+2/4−1/4=4/4=1 ✓.
Q.59. A number is increased by 25% and then decreased by 20%. Find the net percentage change.
Answer: (2) 0% — no change
Let number = 100. After 25% increase: 100×1.25 = 125. After 20% decrease: 125×0.80 = 100. Net change = 0%. Formula: Net% = a + b + ab/100 = 25 + (−20) + (25×−20)/100 = 5 − 5 = 0%. A 25% increase followed by a 20% decrease returns to original value. This is a classic “successive percentage change” trap question.
Let number = 100. After 25% increase: 100×1.25 = 125. After 20% decrease: 125×0.80 = 100. Net change = 0%. Formula: Net% = a + b + ab/100 = 25 + (−20) + (25×−20)/100 = 5 − 5 = 0%. A 25% increase followed by a 20% decrease returns to original value. This is a classic “successive percentage change” trap question.
Q.60. The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth. If the perimeter is 96 cm, find the area.
Answer: (3) 512 cm²
Let breadth = b. Length = 2b. Perimeter = 2(l+b) = 2(2b+b) = 6b = 96 → b = 16 cm. Length = 32 cm. Area = l×b = 32×16 = 512 cm². Verify: Perimeter = 2(32+16) = 2×48 = 96 cm ✓. Always define the unknown first (let b = breadth), write the relation (l=2b), use perimeter formula, solve.
Let breadth = b. Length = 2b. Perimeter = 2(l+b) = 2(2b+b) = 6b = 96 → b = 16 cm. Length = 32 cm. Area = l×b = 32×16 = 512 cm². Verify: Perimeter = 2(32+16) = 2×48 = 96 cm ✓. Always define the unknown first (let b = breadth), write the relation (l=2b), use perimeter formula, solve.