1. Fundamental Duties are incorporated in which Part of the Constitution?
A) Part III
B) Part IVA
C) Part IV
D) Part V
Answer: B
Explanation: Part IVA (Article 51A) deals with Fundamental Duties.
2. Fundamental Duties were added by which Amendment?
A) 40th Amendment
B) 42nd Amendment (1976)
C) 44th Amendment (1978)
D) 52nd Amendment (1985)
Answer: B
Explanation: 42nd Amendment Act (1976) inserted Part IVA with 10 duties.
3. Fundamental Duties are contained in which Article?
A) Article 12
B) Article 32
C) Article 51A
D) Article 51
Answer: C
Explanation: Article 51A lists the Fundamental Duties of citizens.
4. Fundamental Duties were inspired by:
A) US Constitution
B) Irish Constitution
C) Soviet Constitution (erstwhile USSR)
D) Canadian Constitution
Answer: C
Explanation: Borrowed from the USSR Constitution.
5. Originally, how many Fundamental Duties were included?
A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
Answer: C
Explanation: Originally 10 duties were listed in Article 51A.
6. Which Amendment added the 11th Fundamental Duty?
A) 73rd Amendment
B) 86th Amendment (2002)
C) 91st Amendment
D) 97th Amendment
Answer: B
Explanation: 86th Amendment (2002) added duty of parents/guardians to provide education to children (6–14 years).
7. Fundamental Duties are applicable to:
A) Citizens only
B) Citizens and foreigners
C) State authorities
D) All persons in India
Answer: A
Explanation: They are binding only on citizens, not foreigners.
8. Fundamental Duties are:
A) Justiciable
B) Non-justiciable
C) Enforceable by law only
D) Automatically enforceable
Answer: B
Explanation: They are non-justiciable, though Parliament can enforce them through law.
9. Who recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution?
A) Sarkaria Commission
B) Swaran Singh Committee (1976)
C) Punchhi Commission
D) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
Answer: B
Explanation: Swaran Singh Committee recommended Fundamental Duties.
10. Which recommendation of Swaran Singh Committee was NOT accepted?
A) Parliament may provide penalties
B) Some duties made enforceable
C) Duty to pay taxes
D) Limitation of Fundamental Rights if duties not followed
Answer: D
Explanation: The committee wanted to limit FRs for non-performance of duties, but this was not accepted.
11. Fundamental Duties are similar to:
A) Bill of Rights (USA)
B) Directive Principles (Ireland)
C) Fundamental Rights (India)
D) Japanese Constitution duties
Answer: D
Explanation: Indian Fundamental Duties are similar to duties in the Japanese Constitution.
12. Which case upheld that Parliament can provide penalties for enforcing duties?
A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) J.P. Unnikrishnan (1993)
D) Ranganath Mishra case
Answer: B
Explanation: In Minerva Mills, SC upheld Parliament’s power to enforce duties.
13. The Fundamental Duties are located in:
A) Schedule I
B) Schedule II
C) Part IVA
D) Preamble
Answer: C
Explanation: Part IVA contains only Article 51A (Fundamental Duties).
14. Which Fundamental Duty relates to protecting environment?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(g)
C) 51A(h)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: B
Explanation: Article 51A(g) – protect and improve environment, forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife.
15. Which Fundamental Duty relates to cherishing the ideals of freedom struggle?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(b)
C) 51A(c)
D) 51A(d)
Answer: A
Explanation: Article 51A(a) directs citizens to cherish freedom struggle ideals.
16. Respecting the Constitution, national flag, and national anthem is under:
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(b)
C) 51A(c)
D) 51A(d)
Answer: B
Explanation: Article 51A(b) prescribes this duty.
17. Duty to uphold sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India is:
A) 51A(c)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(e)
D) 51A(f)
Answer: A
Explanation: 51A(c) requires citizens to uphold sovereignty, unity, and integrity.
18. Duty to defend country and render national service is:
A) 51A(c)
B) 51A(d)
C) 51A(e)
D) 51A(f)
Answer: B
Explanation: 51A(d) deals with defending India.
19. Duty to promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood is:
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(g)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: A
Explanation: 51A(e) directs promotion of harmony and renunciation of practices derogatory to women’s dignity.
20. Duty to value and preserve rich heritage of India’s composite culture is:
A) 51A(f)
B) 51A(g)
C) 51A(h)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: A
Explanation: 51A(f) mandates preserving heritage and culture.
21. Fundamental Duty to develop scientific temper is under:
A) 51A(g)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(i)
D) 51A(j)
Answer: B
Explanation: 51A(h) directs to develop scientific temper, humanism, spirit of inquiry and reform.
22. Duty to safeguard public property is:
A) 51A(i)
B) 51A(j)
C) 51A(k)
D) 51A(l)
Answer: A
Explanation: 51A(i) → safeguard public property, abjure violence.
23. Duty to strive for excellence in all spheres is:
A) 51A(i)
B) 51A(j)
C) 51A(k)
D) None
Answer: B
Explanation: 51A(j) → strive for excellence, raise nation’s prestige.
24. Duty added by 86th Amendment (2002):
A) To provide education to children (6–14 years)
B) To respect Constitution
C) To preserve heritage
D) To safeguard environment
Answer: A
Explanation: 51A(k) → duty of parents/guardians to provide education.
25. The 86th Amendment relates to:
A) Article 21A
B) Article 45
C) Article 51A(k)
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: It added Article 21A, modified Article 45, and inserted 51A(k).
26. Which Commission suggested making FRs and FDs complementary?
A) Sarkaria Commission
B) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
C) Verma Committee (1999)
D) Swaran Singh Committee
Answer: C
Explanation: Verma Committee (1999) suggested link between rights and duties.
27. Verma Committee (1999) recommended using FDs to curb:
A) Corruption
B) Gender injustice
C) Fundamentalism and environmental degradation
D) Tax evasion
Answer: C
Explanation: It recommended using FDs against fundamentalism, violence, corruption, environment degradation.
28. Which case held that FD to protect environment can be enforced by courts?
A) Menaka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)
B) MC Mehta v. Union of India
C) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
D) Golaknath (1967)
Answer: B
Explanation: SC held environmental protection duty enforceable via Article 51A(g).
29. Which case upheld the duty to respect National Anthem?
A) Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Ramesh Thappar (1950)
Answer: A
Explanation: Jehovah’s Witnesses case → SC upheld right not to sing but duty to respect anthem.
30. Fundamental Duties are primarily:
A) Negative in character
B) Positive in character
C) Both
D) Neither
Answer: C
Explanation: They include both positive (promote harmony) and negative (not to destroy property) duties.
31. The FD of promoting harmony specifically mentions dignity of:
A) Women
B) Minorities
C) Dalits
D) Elderly
Answer: A
Explanation: 51A(e) mentions renouncing practices derogatory to women’s dignity.
32. Duty to provide education (51A(k)) applies to:
A) Children 0–6 years
B) Children 6–14 years
C) All citizens
D) Only SC/ST children
Answer: B
Explanation: 51A(k) covers children 6–14 years.
33. Which body can legislate to enforce FDs?
A) State legislatures
B) Parliament
C) Both
D) Supreme Court
Answer: B
Explanation: Only Parliament can legislate to enforce FDs.
34. How many FDs exist as of now?
A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 13
Answer: B
Explanation: Currently 11 Fundamental Duties are listed.
35. Which FD promotes internationalism indirectly?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(h)
C) 51A(j)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: B
Explanation: Scientific temper, humanism, inquiry → promote universal brotherhood.
36. Fundamental Duties are enforceable by:
A) Parliament-made laws
B) Executive orders
C) Judicial review only
D) Citizens themselves
Answer: A
Explanation: Parliament can make laws imposing penalties.
37. Violation of FD relating to National Flag is punishable under:
A) Indian Penal Code
B) Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
C) Public Safety Act
D) Unlawful Activities Act
Answer: B
Explanation: National Honour Act, 1971 punishes disrespect to flag/anthem.
38. Fundamental Duties serve as:
A) Limitations on Fundamental Rights
B) Source of discipline
C) Guide for courts
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Duties complement rights, impose discipline, and guide interpretation.
39. Which committee recommended a code of 10 Fundamental Duties for students?
A) Radhakrishnan Committee
B) Swaran Singh Committee
C) Verma Committee
D) Chavan Committee
Answer: A
Explanation: Radhakrishnan Committee on University Education (1948) suggested a duty code.
40. Which Commission emphasised balance between Rights and Duties?
A) Swaran Singh Committee
B) National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (2000)
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Justice Verma Committee
Answer: B
Explanation: NCRWC (2000) stressed importance of balance between rights and duties.
41. Which Article obligates citizens to strive towards excellence?
A) 51A(i)
B) 51A(j)
C) 51A(k)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: B
Explanation: 51A(j) is about striving for excellence.
42. Courts have used FDs to interpret scope of:
A) Fundamental Rights
B) Directive Principles
C) State laws
D) International treaties
Answer: A
Explanation: FDs have been invoked to broaden interpretation of FRs.
43. Which FD ensures promotion of scientific outlook?
A) 51A(h)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(e)
D) 51A(g)
Answer: A
Explanation: 51A(h) → scientific temper, spirit of inquiry and reform.
44. Which FD complements Article 48A (environment protection)?
A) 51A(e)
B) 51A(f)
C) 51A(g)
D) 51A(h)
Answer: C
Explanation: 51A(g) aligns with Article 48A.
45. Courts treat FDs as:
A) Moral obligations
B) Legally binding
C) Non-existent
D) Constitutional rights
Answer: A
Explanation: FDs are seen as moral obligations unless enforced by law.
46. Which Amendment is related to education as both FR and FD?
A) 44th Amendment
B) 52nd Amendment
C) 86th Amendment
D) 97th Amendment
Answer: C
Explanation: 86th Amendment inserted Article 21A and FD 51A(k).
47. Non-performance of Fundamental Duties can:
A) Lead to suspension of FRs
B) Lead to legal punishment if law provides
C) Automatically cancel citizenship
D) None
Answer: B
Explanation: They can be enforced if Parliament passes law.
48. Which FD directly promotes women’s dignity?
A) 51A(a)
B) 51A(e)
C) 51A(h)
D) 51A(i)
Answer: B
Explanation: 51A(e) → renounce practices derogatory to dignity of women.
49. FD to cherish ideals of freedom struggle is intended to:
A) Instil patriotism
B) Promote communalism
C) Restrict liberty
D) Encourage violence
Answer: A
Explanation: It instils patriotism and national pride.
50. The list of Fundamental Duties is found in:
A) Article 32
B) Article 35
C) Article 51A
D) Article 55
Answer: C
Explanation: Article 51A explicitly lists all Fundamental Duties.